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Aphids, el Wasps' perfect deception.

Gli afidi, dopo la muta, lasciano le loro exuvie (esoscheletri vuoti) in prossimità della colonia in cui vivono. Questo comportamento fino ad oggi è sempre stato considerato, come anti-evoluzionistico. Gli esoscheletri infatti, non farebbero altro che rendere ancora più visibile la colonia agli occhi delle vespe parassitoidi.
Questo fenomeno oggi trova la sua spiegazione sull'ultimo numero della rivista BMC Evolutionary Biology . Un gruppo di ricercatori dell' Università cattolica di Lovanio e della canadese McGill University , ha scoperto che le exuvie non fanno altro che fungere da esche, una sorta di specchietto for larks for the hornets. The female wasp in fact, found the colony of aphids, often exchanging their empty exoskeletons of living individuals, placing them into the egg.
"We found " explains Frédéric Muratori, head of research "that the females of the parasitoid spend much more time in places where there are Exuvia than in those where there really are aphids, not recognizing as a guest Exuvia Poor quality for their eggs . In the microcosm
ruthless insects every weapon is lawful. Aphids have chosen the strategy of deception.

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a reckless life I want! Blame dopamine.

What drives a man to jump from an airplane in flight or to climb with his bare hands on a 50-story skyscraper? Why do some people have the desire to live extreme experiences, going against the normal instinct of survival?
A study conducted by researchers at Vanderbilt University and published in the journal "Journal of Neuroscience " identified the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie this type of behavior.
It seems that people are always looking for great experience, have a number of receptors in the brain that regulate dopamine, much lower than that of normal people. Dopamine is a fact
neurotransmitter in the brain that stimulates the feeling of pleasure and fulfillment. The lack of its autoreceptors, thus causing a difficulty to adjust the desire for new experiences, pushing people into more and more daring challenges.
"Our research," said David Zald responsible for this study "suggests that in these subjects, the brain is barely able to regulate dopamine. This condition makes the subject particularly sensitive to new ideas and situations that provide gratification and that normally induce a release of dopamine ".

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neonicotinoids and the massacre of innocents. Intelligent Agriculture

now been discharged. Pesticides are the cause of bee die-off that is occurring around the world in recent years. This will be a central theme of "The States General beekeeping" 25th Congress of Beekeeping training to be held in Sorrento 21 to 26 January 2009.

was already known that neonicotinoids, used in tanning of the seeds were present in high concentrations in pollen and nectar from plants and products, making them poisonous. The latest findings, however, depict scenes even more alarming. Even guttazioni, ie, the drops of water oozing from the leaves, contain high concentrations of neonicotinoids in the first months of life of the plant. The trouble is that the very guttazioni are the primary source d’acqua per api e altri insetti utili all'uomo. Degli studi effettuati all’Università di Padova hanno appurato che un’ape, muore entro 10 minuti dall’ingestione di acqua avvelenata da Neonicotinoidi. Come è noto le api sono i più importanti impollinatori. La loro drastica riduzione potrebbe avere effetti devastanti sugli ecosistemi. Per non parlare poi dei danni economici che il fenomeno sta infliggendo all'agricoltura mondiale.
L’anno scorso la moria delle api ha causato danni per centinaia di milioni di euro.

Urge quindi trovare una soluzione a questo grave problema.

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against Global Warming.

Con una selezione accurata delle varietà di specie plant food, Europe and North America may be able to reduce a century the global temperature of the earth by about 1 ° C. This is the latest issue of the journal Current Biology , by a team of researchers from the 'University of Bristol .

The reflection of solar radiation (albedo) crops causes an overall cooling of global temperatures, more than does the natural vegetation. Then select the crops to higher albedo could have some very significant results.

" current choosing between varieties, the our estimate on the increase of reflection " explains Andy Ridgwell, director of the study " leads us to predict that summer temperatures could be reduced by more than 1 ° C for much of North America and in the middle latitudes of Eurasia . The proposal "says Ridgwell" is to choose between different varieties of the same kind of culture to maximize the reflection of light non-but change the type of crop. "

According to the researchers' calculations, this choice eliminate the effect of 195 billion tonnes of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere over the next 100 years.

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Biodiversity: The Antarctic Peninsula is the best of the Galapagos.

the islands South Orkney Islands, situated around the Antarctic Peninsula, the number of living species is even higher than that of the Galapagos. This is reported in the latest edition of the magazine "Journal of Biogeography . A group of researchers British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and the 'University of Hamburg , has scoured the land and waters of the Antarctic islands to a depth of 1500 meters, collecting about 1200 species, 5 of which have never been classified before. The results are amazing because until to date, the Antarctic lands were considered poor in biodiversity.

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150 species of bacteria contained in one hand.

On one hand, on average, live 150 species of bacteria. And 'This is the conclusion I came to a study conducted at the' University of Colorado at Boulder and published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The research, which aimed to investigate lines of defense against the attacks of skin micro-organisms guests, examined a sample of 51 patients, for a total of 102 hands. Have been identified around 4700 different species of bacteria but only 5 of these were shared by all patients. E’ emerso inoltre che le donne presentono una biodiversità batterica molto superiore a quella delle mani degli uomini. Questo, secondo Noah Fierer che ha diretto la ricerca, è spiegabile probabilmente col fatto che il PH della pelle maschile è più acido di quello delle donne, offrendo ai batteri un ambiente più ostile. Inoltre la pelle di un uomo è più spessa e quindi meno penetrabile. Ma l’indagine ha rivelato anche altre note curiose. Le specie batteriche comuni tra mano destra e sinistra dello stesso individuo non superano il 17%, e inoltre mentre alcuni gruppi di microorganismi apparivano ridotti dopo aver lavato le mani, altri erano addirittura più abbondanti. "La maggior parte di questi batteri non è patogena and some even formed a natural defense of the skin, "said Rob Knight, who has been engaged in research" and not from the point of view of hygiene, wash their hands regularly has a decidedly positive. "