ADJUSTING THE BIKE
The correct position on the bike is a key factor to develop the highest
and transmit energy to the pedals all the power available, without wasting energy. The
search for the optimal position is useful for both experienced riders and for beginners and should
meet two subjective principles which are correlated and mediated: comfort and just
biomeccanica.Il first principle is to be able to maintain position as long
possible, the second is necessary to make the best of their potential. The right
mediation between these two principles will help to get a position with no errors from the point of
biomechanically and, simultaneously, the most comfortable and powerful as possible.
The framework assumes that cycling is tied to particular points: the points of contact appoggi.I
between the body and the bicycle, such as seat-pelvis, foot-pedal, handlebar-hands describe a triangle
the length of the sides which is characteristic for each individual, when it will be defined as such
ideal triangulation of support, it will be achieved by the correct size of the frame to be used.
- the best position
Every time I climb aboard a rider puts into a transformation that sees him mutate from
man walking man pedaling. The position should therefore try to take
satisfy the new requirements that address the advancement of the complex man-bicycle.
These requirements are essentially three: the ability to deliver the best possible energy, capacity
to put up little resistance aerodynamic load and ability to stay in the saddle for long.
The pedaling efficiency is determined by the right set-up work of the lower limbs, this
position is determined by the adjustment of the cleats on the pedals, the saddle height and
distance from the handlebars.
- CLEAT ADJUSTMENT
pedal, because the point of application of the force of the cyclist on the bicycle, is a
element for all the action of pedaling. Today you use clipless pedals
with adjustable cleats in two senses: first the special side, and anteroposterior point must be adjusted
so that the shoe, once hooked on the pedal, is positioned so as to bring
the articulation of the metatarsal at the hallux, exactly on the pedal. For
lateral positioning, it is advisable to place them so that the shoe is as close
possible to the center of the bike, so as to reduce the "Q factor" (distance between the two cranks). This
distance is important both in the boost phase che nella fase di recupero della pedalata e dovrebbe
essere adeguata alla larghezza del bacino, al fine di mantenere una migliore perpendicolarità fra le
articolazioni di anca-ginocchio-caviglia.
Una notevole importanza,poi,è a carico di un altro elemento strutturale, capace di condizionare
l’azione circolare del piede attorno al movimento centrale nonché l’altezza della sella: la distanza
della suola dall’asse del pedale.Questo valore è dato dalla somma della distanza intercorrente fra
asse del perno-superficie di appoggio più spessore della tacchetta. Questa distanza , variabile tra i
diversi sistemi di sgancio rapido, comporta la necessità di correggere l’altezza sella in caso di
passaggio da un sistema all’altro.Il passaggio dal sistema tacchetta-pedale più basso (12.5 mm) a
quello più alto ( 22mm) comporta un innalzamento della sella di 9.5 mm, mentre il passaggio
contrario comporterà un pari abbassamento.
has recently introduced a new element that can change a few degrees
the inclination of the support surface of the pedal on its axis determines the longitudinale.Questo
ability to convey the pressure on the inside or outside of the foot, resulting
displacement of the load on ginocchio.L 'use of this adjustment needs to be weighted
carefully and adopted only in cases where it is necessary to address problems of overload
joint or muscle.
Esiste inoltre un’altra variazione del piano di appoggio sull’asse trasversale in cui la tacchetta
presenta uno spessore variabile da dietro-avanti con conseguente variazione del piano di appoggio
sull’asse trasversale.Questa forma della tacchetta,più sottile davanti e più alta dietro, determina un
assetto inclinato della suola rispetto al piano del pedale, con una posizione del piede con la punta
più bassa rispetto al tallone più alto.La differenza fra i due modi con cui il piede is related to
pedal is substantial.
The major features of the pedal-cleat system on the possibility of
limit or ensure freedom of angular and lateral movements of the foot during the activities of
ride . This freedom in the various pedals can be determined by the coupling mechanism of
notch, from its shape, or even by manual adjustment of the pedal has. Freedom of
lateral or angular movement of the cleat into the pedal, and then the foot, is small
entity, so that is surely more accurate to float. The flotation assist in all
involuntary movements, but almost always necessary and the foot turns in the 360 \u200b\u200bth anniversary of cycling;
is especially important for cyclists who have a posture of openness in the foot
outside (externally rotated) or who have unstable support of the foot (flat foot or semi-flat/full) and
può essere utile come autoregolazione della larghezza di appoggio sui pedali (fattore Q), ma
dannoso per coloro che tendono a spingere sul margine laterale del piede.
Se per alcuni ciclisti i flottaggi consistono in una fastidiosa sensazione di instabilità, per altri sono
un elemento indispensabile per evitare tensioni e dolori articolari.soprattutto a carico delle
ginocchia; direi infine che la presenza di un flottaggio anche minimo può risultare importante nella
prevenzione di problemi di usura and overloading of joint structures, especially the knee.
- SEAT HEIGHT
The saddle is one of the points on which the debate was very aperto.Le numerical formulas
not seem very reliable as they do not take into account some variables that
can affect in a decisive way to adjust the height, these variables are the type of
shoe that you are going to use (the height della suola è spesso molto differente tra i vari modelli), il
tipo di pedale (altezze diverse dell’asse), e la lunghezza delle pedivelle.Anche lo stile di pedalata,
più o meno a punta, cosi’ come la lunghezza stessa del piede, possono influenzare di molto la
regolazione dell’altezza.
Una prova empirica sembra il metodo più attendibile: dopo aver posizionato la bicicletta su di un
simulatore,si prende la misura in due modi differenti si effettua una mediazione dei risultati
obtained.
keeping unchanged the length of the cranks, pedals and shoes, the measure will be taken from the center
bottom bracket to the roof top of the seat exactly at the center
anatomy; This is calculated by convention at 12 cm from the edge.
- the two methods
The first test requires precise alignment of the sole of the shoe with the ground
when placing the crank so that it forms an extension of the seat tube, you will succeed
to extend the leg without moving the pelvis the saddle. The hypothetical extension of a line
through the center of the thigh, parallel to the stem, passes through the axis of pedale.Bisognerà
repeat with the other leg and check the same way. Where there is a difference,
will need to consider the possibility of a different length of arts (which shall specify a
medical examination). If there is such a difference, just make the average height between the right
two legs or use an orthotic in the shoe may be designed to shorter leg.
The second test is character instead of "numeric". According to biomechanics theory, the height
right of the saddle is one that provides an angle of 30 ° between the thigh and leg when
place the pedal in the bottom dead center. Hardly the two methods give responses so
different, normally you should mediate the two solutions.
- BACK SEAT
anterior-posterior adjustment of the seat and its height adjustment are the real culprits of
a specific location that allows to leverage the power of the arts have inferiori.Dopo
correctly positioned the cleats of the shoes, adjust the right height, with the
bicicletta perfettamente in piano, e dopo essersi posizionati con il bacino correttamente in sella,
bisognerà far girare le gambe in modo che le pedivelle siano parallele al terreno. Allo stesso tempo,
il tallone della scarpa risulterà più alto di circa 2 cm rispetto al movimento centrale. A questo punto
bisognerà fermare un filo a piombo sulla prominenza ossea situata appena dietro la rotula della
gamba più in avanti: il proseguimento del filo dovrà essere in linea con l’asse del pedale. Come for
height is advisable to repeat with the other leg and then if the average of the two
different results obtained. The seat will be moved to accomplish this.
- DISTANCE SADDLE STEM-
The measure that separates the seat from the handlebars can not be defined by a system of calculation, being
determined by several factors, namely the position of the pelvis on the saddle, the length and flexibility
torso, limb length superiori.Il empirically expected to climb on the bike or
ciclosimulatore, riding counterclockwise, find the ideal position on the saddle, flex
your arms slightly and keep your head up looking ahead, looking down while
the head upright and aim the center of the front wheel on the handlebar, a
position correct door to see the axis of the hub a couple of inches behind the handlebars. If
small differences can replace the stem with a different length. Generally the
saddle-handlebar distance is measured with the help of one meter from the tip of the saddle until
center of handlebar and is adjusted only after you have registered to perfection position of
cleats, saddle height and correctly retreat.
- SEAT HEIGHT DIFFERENCE OF STEM-
This figure is extremely variable and dependent on the flexibility of the back or
the setting of the aerodynamic position on the bike. The position of the torso specimen
would be that you get when you manage to keep its line parallel to the
terreno.Uno little saddle-handlebar drop leads to a better bike control in descent,
while a very low profile allows the gluteal muscle to stretch more and
to exploit the best action of pedaling.
Last thing to check is that in terms of comfort in the arms that should be in
chance to stay flexed to cushion any impact and do not overload
joints.
- FRAME
Having defined the three support points of the rider on the bike, you go to find the measure of
frame. The size da considerare maggiormente sono l'angolo del piantone, l'altezza del
piantone e la lunghezza del tubo superiore.L'angolo del piantone influisce sul posizionamento
antero-posteriore della sella, normalmente risulta corretto quando permette alla prosecuzione
dell'asse del tubo reggisella di passare per il centro anatomico della sella stessa, che abbiamo visto
essere a 12 mm dal retro.
L'altezza del piantone viene determinata da un calcolo numerico,dopo aver preso la misura del
horse, ie the distance the groin of the subject (and bare feet apart, with its back against the wall) from
land, multiplied by a coefficient of 0.65 is obtained and the nominal size of telaio.Per example
horse in a patient with 86 cm, the size of your frame will be 56 cm (86 x 0.65 = 55.9), ie
distance between the axis of bottom bracket and the 'intersection with the axis of the top tube should
measuring about 56 cm.
The top tube length is usually equal alla misura verticale, ma può essere
diversa(maggiore di 1 o 2 cm) se il ciclista ha una struttura fisica che lo richiede,esempio le braccia
lunghe rispetto alla media.Quindi un telaio di 56 cm è alto e probabilmente lungo 56, un telaio
56x57 è alto 56 ma lungo 57.
Per concludere, la regola che definisce se la lunghezza del telaio è proporzionata alla distanza
sella/manubrio è quella in cui la distanza sella/centro manubrio risulta uguale o appena maggiore
della lunghezza effettiva del telaio stesso.
- ANALISI CINEMATICA DELLA PEDALATA CON “SISTEMA ELITE”
In questi ultimi anni l'attenzione dei tecnici del mondo del ciclismo si è rivolta non solo ai materiali
ed alla tecnologia di costruzione dei telai e dei suoi componenti, ma anche sul posizionamento
ottimale del ciclista sulla bicicletta per poter migliorare la prestazione ma anche poter prevenire od
eliminate overuse of muscles, tendons and joints and also improve the
comfort and driving characteristics of the methods used by stesso.Uno and biomechanical engineers
field consists in the photographic and cinematic pedaling.
Now I will show you an example of evaluation that we have begun to address this year thanks
using sophisticated motion analysis, the Elite system, described
previously by my colleague, and present in laboratorio di biomeccanica in cui lavoro.
La valutazione si svolge all'interno del laboratorio che utilizza 6 telecamere disposte su due pareti
opposte della stanza , il soggetto pedala sulla propria bicicletta utilizzando uno spin trainer. Di
importanza fondamentale è il posizionamento dei marker sul soggetto su punti di riferimento
specifico. Per questa analisi abbiamo usato 20 marker, partendo dal basso verso l’alto: 5°
metatarso,malleolo esterno,testa del perone,condilo femorale,trocantere,SIAS,spalla ,gomito,polso,a
livello della colonna sul sacro e C7.
L’analisi cinematica consiste nella ripresa di circa 10 sec. del soggetto durante la pedalata ad una
buona velocità, il ciclista ripete la prova più volte per avere a disposizione più dati possibili da
confrontare. Al termine della prova il software è in grado di fornire una elaborazione
tridimensionale del movimento compiuto dai segmenti collegati dai marker sui tre piani di
riferimento che noi andremo successivamente ad analizzare.
I tre piani sono:
PIANO SAGITTALE: in cui si evidenzia l’angolo del ginocchio(coscia-gamba), l’angolo della
caviglia (gamba –piede), l’angolo del busto(busto rispetto orizzontale), l’angolo della spalla(bustospalla).
I grafici che ne derivano sono i seguenti: flesso-estensione gin. dx e sx, flesso-estensione
caviglia dx e sx, angolo di estensione della spalla dx and left (chest-shoulder), trunk tilt left and right
(bust-up). From this perspective it is possible to assess the position of the saddle height and
in retreat: the seat is too high would lead to an excessive opening of the angles to
knee and ankle, with a low seat will result in the opposite situation. For
optimal position of the saddle, the knee angle should be between
130 ° -140 ° with the pedal at the bottom dead and between 105 ° -115 ° with the crank horizontal
pedal forward. These parameters are moving downward or upward depending on the also
elasticity which is fitted to the upper ciclista.Valori indicate a saddle too high, resulting in
excessive tilting of the pelvis, factor that could predispose the subject to back pain;
while lower values \u200b\u200bindicate a low seat with an excessive load of the knee during
boost phase.
Face: when you look at the el'abduzione knee adduction, abduction and
the abduction of the hindfoot, the position of the pelvis from the horizontal, the position shoulder
always to the horizontal. The four plots describe abduction-adduction, respectively
right and left knee, adduction-abduction ankle right and left, up-down basin, up-down shoulders. This
analysis is crucial for any asymmetries in pedalata.Una shorter leg
or a rotation of the pelvis could lead to a greater angle of stretch with
basin on the one hand, and also an approach over a knee and the top tube
a removal of the other. Another aspect to consider is the possible lateral movement of
knee to the perpendicular axis of the pedal. The presence of these anomalies
action of the leg can cause wear and tear on joints and knee pain.
transverse plane: that analyzed the rotations of the pelvis and shoulders. The graphs that
results highlight the internal rotation of these two districts el'extrarotazione confirming whether or not
the presence of asymmetric situations and / or lean to the side already visible in the frontal plane.
- CONCLUSIONS
Through this advanced technology we can now succeed to have an important role both
technicians in the sector to direct athletes or fans of the sport, allowing
them to optimize the geometry of the athlete-half race to prevent the onset diseases,
but also to ensure greater comfort and driving characteristics, to reduce the resistance
thereby improving aerodynamic performance .
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