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Malattie infiammatorie a carico dell'apparato respiratorio

Faringite
L'infiammazione della mucosa della faringe, o faringite, può essere is due to factors that irritating virus (rhinovirus, adenovirus, herpesvirus) and bacteria (the most common are: B-hemolytic streptococcus group A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae). It is difficult to distinguish between bacterial and viral pharyngitis based only on physical examination. In both the pharyngeal mucosa may be highly flammable and can be covered by a membrane and a purulent exudate, liquid or viscous material that is characteristic of inflammatory processes. Depending on the course that takes the disease, may be acute or chronic pharyngitis.

Treatment: If sore throat is bacterial action is taken with antibiotics. Almost all viral forms resolve themselves within a few days: in this case there is no specific treatment.



Laryngitis Inflammation of the larynx that may be of bacterial or viral infection or even be caused by irritants or misuse of the voice. Those most affected are professionals who routinely use the item (for example, singers). A very specific situation of the croup or laryngitis and croup, also called spastic laryngitis, which affects only children under four years. Children can have a rather small larynx, or it can happen that the cartilage of the larynx is not sufficiently rigid and giving rise to a particularly breath noisy during feedings. Both idifetti will disappear with growth. The laryngitis may be acute or chronic.

bronchitis
Most contracts bronchitis due to viruses or bacteria transmitted from person to person through breathing. In winter, the windows are closed, it is easier for the air of the rooms is full of germs. In addition, excessive heating of the air dryer environments, making it harder for the body to maintain the necessary moisture to the mucous membranes play their protective role against the invasion of harmful substances. Bronchitis is a very common disease that can occur in acute or chronic.
Bronchite acuta e cronica La bronchite acuta di solito può essere la complicazione di un banale raffreddore o di un'influenza.
L'infezione è causata soprattutto da virus (del raffreddore e dell'influenza) ma anche da batteri. Possono favorirne l'insorgenza alcuni fattori di tipo ambientale, come l'inquinamento atmosferico, il fumo di sigaretta o il freddo intenso o anche alcune condizioni di vita sfavorevoli, come la malnutrizione e l'affaticamento eccessivo. A causa dell'infiammazione i bronchi si restringono o rimangono ostruiti, rendendo difficile il respiro e la circolazione del sangue nei polmoni. Il risultato è un ostacolo più o meno grave al passaggio dell'aria nei bronchi e nei polmoni.

Esami utili la broncoscopia to ascertain the exact nature of the disease (allows you to see directly the walls of the trachea and bronchi).
In the most severe forms of chronic bronchitis may also be affecting your heart (cardio-respiratory failure), so it is advisable to periodically an electrocardiogram.


Sore Throat A sore throat is a common symptom typical of autumn, when temperature inversions are frequent. This is a minor infection, which can create trouble if only lasts for a few days.
Most sore throats are due simply to environmental conditions, such as smog we breathe or the inhalation of vapors and nuisance dust. Cigarette smoking is another important cause of throat irritation. Other risk factors may be too hot food or drinks, the air too dry or, conversely, too humid. Other times, the sore throat is due to attack by viruses and bacteria organs most affected by the symptoms of sore throat may be, in fact, pharynx, larynx, tonsils, vocal cords and lymph nodes.



Tonsillitis Tonsillitis is particularly common in cold weather and can take on the trend of a real epidemic. It is transmitted in crowded places through sneezing, coughing, saliva. Viral infections are resolved within a few giorni e non danno complicazioni. Anche le tonsilliti di origine batterica non destano preoccupazioni: se però sono causate da un batterio chiamato streptococco, in casi molto rari, danno complicazioni gravi, come la glomerulonefrite, un'infiammazione che, se non viene curata appropriatamente, può causare danni permanenti ai reni.

La tosse
E’ un violento atto espiratorio a glottide chiusa. La brusca contrazione dei muscoli espiratori e della parete addominale provoca un brusco aumento delle pressione tracheale con successiva apertura delle glottide e violenta fuoriuscita di aria dai polmoni. Il caratteristico rumore è provocato dalla vibrazione delle corde vocali.
In ogni caso la tosse non è una disease but a symptom: shoot every time something irritates the mucous membranes of the throat, trachea or bronchi, the channels that carry air to the lungs. It is a spontaneous response of the body defends itself from irritants such as dust and smoke, viruses or bacteria, that block the normal flow of air preventing breathing. The brain sends immediately to the muscles of the chest and stomach order contract. So the body can clear the airways.