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Le allergie

The most common allergies

Allergy is an overreaction of the body against substances that most people are absolutely harmless. In practice, the immune system is activated when it should not: mistakes a harmless substance for a dangerous offender and that false trigger the alarm is "allergic reaction". The antigens responsible for allergic reaction are called allergens: they are in contact with all people, but some suffer from a predisposition to allergic diseases (often inherited) to produce immunoglobulin (IgE) antibodies specific to a particular allergen. Producing IgE, allergy is the body of "awareness". Perchél'allergia it occurs it is necessary that the target organ (nasal mucosa, conjunctival or bronchial as appropriate) appears particularly responsive. This exaggerated response capacity increases in those locations where there is an inflammation caused permanent, for example, recurrent viral infections respiratory or pollutants such as exhaust and cigarette smoke.

The main manifestations of respiratory allergy are: allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma.

allergic asthma

Pollens, dust mites, mold, hair and saliva of cats and dogs can penetrate into the respiratory system through inhalation and be responsible for an asthma attack, the most serious of respiratory allergies. The muscles of the bronchi of all patients with asthma has an exaggerated sensitivity towards external stimuli. In allergic contact with certain allergens causes first bronchospasm, which is an involuntary contraction of the bronchial muscles which hinders the passage of air and makes breathing difficult. Often a cough is the only event of the attack. You may feel a sense of suffocation and a tightness in the chest. The breath becomes sibilant.

allergic rhinitis

itchy nose, sneezing after another, watery eyes, difficulty breathing at times. Disorders that do not disappear in a few weeks but may persist throughout the year and worse depending on where you are located or of the seasons back in the same period, sometimes più intensi all'aria aperta, altre volte quando si è in casa. Anche se i sintomi all'apparenza sono simili, non si tratta del comune raffreddore ma di un disturbo noto comunemente come raffreddore da fieno, perché nella maggioranza dei casi è provocato dal polline delle piante e dei fiori. I medici lo definiscono rinite allergica per distinguerlo dalla rinite, che è il raffreddore comune. La rinite allergica consiste in un'infiammazione della mucosa del naso, non provocata però da virus e batteri, ma da sostanze inalate o ingerite, denominate allergeni.